Bob's Aortic Valve Stenosis

Updates

Bob underwent open heart surgery on May 22, 2002, to replace a defective aortic valve with a mechanical valve, and is now at home recuperating. He has recovered sufficiently that he can read and respond to his email. You can reach him now at
this e-mail address rsrichmond@aol.com


The Latest News
noon, Saturday, June 1
Bob improves gradually but steadily. Occasionally he tries to do too much and finds himself fatigued and short of breath, needing several hours of rest to get his energy back. This was particularly true on Wednesday, when he spent the better part of the day feeling lousy and sleeping. Since then he's gotten a bit stronger every day. He needs less pain medication and is beginning to feel hungry. Usually he doesn't eat a lot at any one time, but he's eating many small meals now -- this is normal for his stage of recovery. He's shed all the accummulated fluid and is back to his pre-operative weight. He can walk to the mailbox and back, and fix himself a snack in the kitchen. Today we plan to go out for a short excursion to visit a neighbor's rose garden.

Miranda departed yesterday to return to her academic pursuits. She has papers due next week at Harvard, and a summer program of research begining soon -- a few weeks of library research in Cambridge and the rest of the summer in France gathering material for her Honors Thesis. This time next year she'll be preparing to graduate. Wow!

It's been wonderful having her here. She and Bob are two of a kind -- I know some of you will find it hard to believe that there's more than one, but it's true. They keep up an endless, erudite chatter that bounces dizzyingly from one topic to the next. It's all I can do to keep up. But we knew Bob was going to be fine when the bad puns started again!

This will be Kathleen's last posting here. We've settled into a routine of rest, gentle exercise, and quiet activities -- reading, conversation, listening to music. We've watched more movies on video in the past few day than in the preceding few years, I think. It's becoming hard to find anything new and interesting to say to you -- we do the same things day after day. And Bob is now well enough to post a note himself from time to time -- I don't know how regular he'll be about it, but I'm going to turn this function back over to him.

It has been an amazing journey thus far. Your prayers and messages of support have helped to sustain us. The process of reporting here on Bob's progress has helped me to keep things in perspective. The journey will continue and we will see you all again at various future times and places. May you all be blessed by love and care as we have been.

7:30 p.m., Tuesday, May 28
Bob woke up this morning feeling wonderful and has needed much less in the way of pain medication for most of the day. He wasn't so somnolent, and his appetite is better too. We made our first trip out - back to the hospital to have blood drawn to measure the prothrombin time -- this will become a ritual event repeated every few days. Eventually, it can be done at his regular doctor's office instead of the hospital lab but right now the surgeon wants to keep an eye on his progress. The anti-coagulation is stabilizing pretty well.

An hour ago Bob went for a walk with Miranda and tired himself out, so now he's resting up. Miranda has gone out to fetch us Indian food. Medium hot! Yum!

Love to you all from our quiet, happy house.

5:00 p.m., Monday, May 27
Bob has slept a lot today. His gut has been reacting badly to the opiates and he felt lousy. But there's no problem with his heart and the surgical incision is healing nicely. He sleeps in the big recliner -- lying down flat is not comfortable and probably won't be for a while longer.

He finally perked up about an hour ago. Miranda (his daughter) is here now and that's improved his attitude a lot. He's showing off his incision and chattering away about family, poetry, old movies, limericks, and miscellaneous arcane bits of trivia.

I wrote this next bit yesterday and sent it as part of an email letter to some close friends. I didn't put it up here right away because I thought it might gross some people out. Bob got to see it and liked it and asked me to post it here. So - parental discretion advised:
"They let me in to see him about 90 minutes later [after bringing him down from the OR]. He was, paradoxically, the most beautiful and the most revolting thing I've ever seen. He was still unconscious, with a ventilator tube down his throat and wound up in yards of i.v. tubing. And he was the color of watery mud -- he looked like someone who'd been recently dead. But he was breathing, and his heart was beating entirely on its own -- apparently they turned on the ignition and he started right up. He was beautiful."

Down-shifting into R&R mode is a bit disconcerting -- I keep waiting for the next milestone, the next scheduled medical indignity. But it sure is nice to be home with my own kitchen and my own bed. That little fold-out chair they had me sleeping in at the hospital was not real cozy. Home is decidedly best.

10:00 p.m., Sunday, May 26
Being home is different than being in the hospital. The food's a lot better for one thing. And it's about five times as far to walk to the bathroom. This is a non-trivial item, since Bob's on major league diuretics to get rid of all the fluid -- he lost 6 pounds today -- just flushed them away. He feels a lot better for it too.

Most of the high drama is over now. We'll be settling into a quiet routine of rest, medication schedules and gradually increasing exercise. The cardiac rehab program will start in about 4 weeks. Until then, it's mainly rest and recuperation and frequent short walks. Pleasantly dull -- a nice change from the recent past.

3:00 p.m., Sunday, May 26
HE'S HOME!! Details later -- I have to get a zillion prescriptions filled and other errands run. But we're both glad to be back here and Bob is comfortable and contented, at least for the moment. Our next door neighbor has already delivered a huge chocolate cake! Life is good.
3:30 p.m., Saturday, May 25
Ups and downs continue, but each up is higher and each down shallower -- the general trend is definitely up. Bob's a lot more comfortable now that the drainage tubes are out of his chest. We were astonished to discover how big those suckers are -- no wonder it hurt! He is still more comfortable sitting up, and spent part of last night in the chair instead of the bed. I've always marveled at his ability to sleep sitting up. He's been coughing some, getting rid of the gunk that accummulated in his lungs when the ventilator was used. But now that the pain is less, he can cough more productively and his chest is clearing.

Bob's getting mobile quickly -- he gets up easily from bed and chair now without holding his breastbone. We've been for several hikes, round and round the circular ward. Not much for scenery and he tires easily, but his stamina is growing and we do better each time. He's beginning to talk about coming home -- we hope for tomorrow or Monday. There's still a lot of recuperating to do -- a lot of resting and cardiac rehab and monitoring the anti-coagulation therapy from home. But after what we've already been through, that doesn't look hard at all.

I got a good night's sleep last night. As Bob gets stronger, he's trying to take over his own care as much as he can. From having to fetch or carry something every few minutes, I've been relegated to the visitor's chair and a supervisory role, trying to keep him from doing too much. But he's being very sensible for the most part -- he wants to get this over with. So I'm having a much easier time.

It's such fun to come home each day and find a stack of email messages to print out and cards in the mailbox. Bob loves reading over them, and I love watching him. I hope tomorrow I can tell you that I'm watching him as I write the day's update for you.

3:00 p.m., Friday, May 24
This has been an up-and-down sort of day. Bob spent a restless night because he's much more comfortable sitting up in a chair than lying in bed, so he went up and down like a yo-yo. The sleeping pill made him rather disoriented, and he couldn't remember (or didn't want to) that he should have someone to help with those transitions. At one point he got all tangled up in the tubing and then really frustrated with the physical and mental confusion.

This morning he was very tired (are we surprised?), but still not very comfortable in bed. People kept popping in for most of the morning. He would doze off and almost immediately there'd be a knock on the door. Hospitals are like that. It's not a rest cure! But we both managed to grab a 90-minute nap before lunch. Then he ate a good lunch and felt better for it. And then they removed the drainage tubes from his chest and the unrinary catheter -- and now he's feeling a whole lot better. I made him promise not go go for an extended hike around the halls until I get back -- but I'd better hurry up and get back.

All the various tests continue to show excellent results, and he's beginning to look like himself again. He's still got a lot of extra fluid on board and continues to get diuretics, but now they come by mouth, not injection. They've begun to stabilize the anti-coagulant dosage. Bob's pretty steady on his feet by now -- and with the drainage and catheter tubes gone, he'll be able to navigate more than a few feet from the bed. Things are definitely looking up.

For those of you who have voiced concern about me, I am taking care of me too. That nap before lunch did me a lot of good -- before that I was dragging. And I do get away now and again -- down to the cafeteria for a meal, or home to check the messages and send these updates. It does feel good to be out of range for a few minutes. But it's good to go back too. Bob is turning out to be a pretty good patient, despite all his assertions to the contrary.

Thanks again for all the prayers and good wishes. It really makes the process easier to know that so many good people care.

3:30 p.m., Thursday, May 23
Sorry this update has been so delayed, but we had to wait for a room to open up on the cardiac observation floor and I didn't want to leave before Bob was settled in his new digs. Progress continues. Most of the i.v. lines have been disconnected -- he looks a lot better with less plumbing. Early this morning, they went to the oral pain medication and he still has remarkably little pain. But it can get uncomfortable when he moves around, coughs, or eats. They've given him a heart-shaped pillow to hug when it hurts and he says that helps quite a bit -- stabilizes the breast-bone.

He's gotten up to sit in a chair twice today, for more than an hour each time. And he's had two liquid-diet meals. For dinner, he'll get real food. He's a bit puffy -- he's retained a lot of water and is getting a diuretic. But doctors, nurses, and wife are all extremely pleased with his progress.

I will be staying most of the time at the hospital now that he's out of the cardiac intensive care unit. I'll come home about mid-afternoon each day to check mail, print out messages for Bob and post an update here. I took in the first lot of messages this morning and he did look through them, though he isn't really ready yet to read a whole lot -- your prayers and good wishes mean an awful lot to him. Thank you from both of us.

10:30 p.m., Wednesday, May 22
Oh frabjous day! Calloo! Callay!!

When I got back to the hospital Bob was awake. He still had the ventilator tube in his throat and couldn't talk, but when I walked through the door I was handed a note -- scrawled with his left hand because his right was taped to a device full of tubing -- "Tell my wife that my mind is clear." Bob's greatest fear was that he would suffer some neurological damage while on the bypass pump. It didn't happen. He isn't even very groggy -- sleepy, yes -- but when he's awake he's aware and coherent.

The ventilator was removed not long after, and Bob's first vocal attempt was to sing. Harp Singers take note -- he'll be back!

By the time I left this evening, they had him propped up in bed and he was beginning to crack jokes. The pain control is quite effective -- he is not in much discomfort. Right now he's getting i.v. morphine but will probably graduate to oral pain medication tomorrow. They will sit him up on the side of the bed for a few minutes later tonight.

All the vital signs are good, and the heart valve is functioning perfectly. The cardiologist came in while I was there, studied all the wiggly lines on the monitor for a while and declared him "all fixed." I sure hope he was referring to Bob's heart.

Grace has been showered on us today. It has been a wild ride, but I am profoundly grateful. And profoundly tired. And so to bed. More news tomorrow.

2:30 p.m., Wednesday, May 22
Hooray! The surgery is over and Bob's heart started right up and is working fine. He is presently in the Cardiac Care Unit, still on a ventilator and still sedated. I saw him for a just a few minutes at 2:00 -- he's not very pleasant to visit -- unconscious with a lot of tubes sticking out of him. But he breathes and his heart works!! I was overjoyed.

The ventilator will probably be removed in the next hour. All vital signs are good. By the end of the afternoon, he should be awake and able to speak, but still pretty groggy. The only difficulty so far is that his platelet count is a little low and the wounds are a "bit oozy," to quote the surgeon. He's getting platelets and plasma to stop the oozing.

It will be tomorrow at least before he gets out of CCU. I'm headed back to the hospital now so I can see him again when he's awake. But I'll return here tonight to sleep. After he's been moved to a private room, I'll stay there with him day and night. It's not that I think he's getting bad care, but I've been convinced by my own recent hospital stays that anyone in any hospital needs an advocate to stay with them.

Devout thanks to the Divine for this mercy and care. Devout thanks to all of you for your prayers and love.

4:00 p.m., Tuesday, May 21
The results from the angiogram were excellent. All Bob's coronary arteries are completely open, his heart is in good condition except for the problem valve, and circulation to the lungs is normal -- no problems with the valve on that side. It looks like the surgery tomorrow will be straight-forward and uncomplicated.

The surgeon came by while Bob was recovering from the angiogram and spent a long time with us, answering questions and talking about post-operative care. We're both feeling more comfortable about everything. Fewer uncertainties.

We are at home and Bob is napping now. We'll be here until after supper and then go back to the hospital. It takes only 10-15 minutes to drive there from here. Truly convenient. I don't know whether I'll stay there tonight or come home to sleep. In any case, I'll be there early, early in the morning and stay with him as long as I can. Friends are coming to stay with me during the surgery.

Keep those thoughts and prayers coming! Y'all are doing a wonderful job.

5:30 a.m., Tuesday, May 21
We are leaving now for the angiogram. With luck we'll be back home this afternoon.
10:00 p.m., Monday, May 20
This, in theory, is the schedule.

On Tuesday -- the fun begins. Early in the morning, an angiogram will be done to let the doctors see all the blood vessels around Bob's heart. That procedure will keep him in the hospital for at least 6 hours.

We hope to get back home for a while Tuesday afternoon, returning to the hospital about eight o'clock in the evening to prepare for the main event.

The open heart surgery will begin about 7:30 a.m. Wednesday. It will probably be noon or later before we know how it turns out. We anticipate that Bob will be in cardiac intensive care until sometime Wednesday night and then in a regular hospital room for 3-4 days. If all goes well, he may come home this weekend.

Stay tuned to see how well the theory fits the reality.


Bob has severe stenosis (narrowing) of the aortic valve of his heart. It's been getting worse. On May 22nd, 2002 he plans to undergo open heart surgery to replace the congenitally defective valve with a prosthetic (plastic and metal) valve. The surgery will be performed at Fort Sanders Parkwest Medical Center, a hospital within walking distance of home. Kathleen will keep this page up to date as long as Bob is unable to.
Cardiology Channel has a reasonably good account of the disease and its treatment.

After surgery Bob will have to take rat poison (Coumadin®, warfarin Bristol-Myers Squibb) for the rest of his life to keep the valve from clotting. Here's an account of this interesting (and hazardous) drug.

The John P. Robarts Research Institute Heart Valve Lab at the University of Western Ontario has a lot of worthwhile information about heart valves and valve disease.

The Sulzer Carbomedics Prosthetic Heart Valves Web site has some pictures of mechanical valves, as well as a patient guide.
Here's what's going on, in pictures (Bob's a pathologist. They think in pictures.) [aortic stenosis.]

This remarkable autopsy photograph of a heart with aortic (and also mitral) stenosis appears in William G. MacCallum's A Textbook of Pathology, 7th ed. 1942. Probably taken in the 1930's, long before cardiac surgery was possible, this photograph shows the narrowed and calcified aortic valve cut clean through (in the middle of the photograph). The heart was first fixed in formaldehyde solution, dissected, and photographed under water in a glass-topped box. - MacCallum's textbook was the standard medical school book for the generation before MacCallum's sudden death, about the time this final edition of his book was published. MacCallum was the second chairman (after William Welch) of the pathology department at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, where Bob did his pathology residency.
[aortic valve from above.]

This drawing of normal cardiac valves from above, with the upper chambers (atria) dissected away, shows the cusps of the aortic valve, which is surrounded with red, with the two coronary arteries, also in red, coming off it. The cusps move out of the way when the heart contracts and the blood exits, then fall back to close the valve when the heart expands again. From R.D. Lockhart, G.F. Hamilton, and F.W. Fyfe, Anatomy of the Human Body, Lippincott 1959 (this was Bob's freshman anatomy textbook).


[stenotic aortic valve from above.]

This photograph, also from an autopsy specimen, shows the aortic valve from above, with a short segment of the aorta around it - about the same view as the anatomic illustration above it. The valve clearly has only two cusps, and is narrowed and densely calcified - you could put only a fingertip through the opening, which would feel hard and gritty. Photograph No. 1795 from the Pathology Education Instructional Resource (PEIR) © by the Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
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Updated May 20th, 2002 by Bob Richmond